不同气候条件对光伏出力的影响因素
不同气候条件对光伏出力的影响因素
Factors affecting photovoltaic output under different climatic conditions
日照强度：日照强度是影响分布式光伏发电的重要因素之一。在光照充足的地区，光伏电池能够接收更多的太阳能，从而产生更高的电量输出。例如，在一些阳光充足的地区，如我国河西走廊中段北部边缘的金塔县，年平均日照时数达到 3231 小时，年太阳辐射量 6800 MJ/m?，日照百分率达到 75%，为分布式光伏发电提供了良好的自然条件。
Sunshine intensity: Sunshine intensity is one of the important factors affecting distributed photovoltaic power generation. In areas with sufficient sunlight, photovoltaic cells can receive more solar energy, resulting in higher power output. For example, in some sunny areas, such as Jinta County on the northern edge of the middle section of the Hexi Corridor in China, the annual average sunshine hours reach 3231 hours, the annual solar radiation is 6800 MJ/m ?, and the sunshine percentage reaches 75%, providing good natural conditions for distributed photovoltaic power generation.
温度：温度对光伏电池的性能也有显著影响。一般来说，随着温度的升高，光伏电池的输出功率会下降。在巴西的不同气候区域，研究发现晶体硅�？樵诟呤群透呶碌厍岢鱿智苛业男阅芡嘶哂械臀露认凳β实谋∧す夥？樵虮硐殖龈旁降男阅�。
Temperature: Temperature also has a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic cells. Generally speaking, as the temperature increases, the output power of photovoltaic cells will decrease. In different climatic regions of Brazil, research has found that crystalline silicon modules exhibit strong performance degradation in high humidity and high temperature areas, while thin-film photovoltaic modules with low temperature coefficient power exhibit superior performance.
湿度：湿度同样会影响分布式光伏发电的表现。在高湿度地区，可能会对光伏电池的性能产生负面影响。例如在轨道交通沿线分布式光伏示范电站的研究中，当湿度小于 60% 时，对发电瞬时功率基本无影响；而当湿度大于 60% 时，发电瞬时功率随湿度的增加而快速减小。
Humidity: Humidity can also affect the performance of distributed photovoltaic power generation. In high humidity areas, it may have a negative impact on the performance of photovoltaic cells. For example, in the research of distributed photovoltaic demonstration power stations along rail transit lines, when the humidity is less than 60%, it has little effect on the instantaneous power generation; When the humidity exceeds 60%, the instantaneous power generation rapidly decreases with the increase of humidity.
二、不同气候条件下的发电性能评估
2、 Evaluation of power generation performance under different climatic conditions
性能指标分析：在不同气候条件下，可以通过一些性能指标来评估分布式光伏发电系统的表现。例如，阿尔及利亚的研究中，通过标准化规范 IEC 61724，对三个不同气候区域的太阳能光伏电站进行了性能分析，评估了参考产量（Yr）、最终产量（Yf）、性能比（PR）和容量系数（CF）等性能因素。
Performance indicator analysis: Under different climatic conditions, the performance of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be evaluated through some performance indicators. For example, in Algeria's research, performance analysis was conducted on solar photovoltaic power plants in three different climate regions using the standardized specification IEC 61724, evaluating performance factors such as reference yield (Yr), final yield (Yf), performance ratio (PR), and capacity factor (CF).
基于模拟的性能评估：对于分布式光伏发电系统在不同气候条件下的性能，还可以通过模拟分析来进行评估。如在一项研究中，对一个 5kW 独立分布式光伏发电系统进行了模拟分析，使用�：刂破鞯淖畲蠊β实愀伲∕PPT）技术，并在不同的运行条件下评估了�：� MPPT 技术的性能。结果表明，�：� MPPT 提供了更好的结果。
Simulation based performance evaluation: The performance of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems under different climatic conditions can also be evaluated through simulation analysis. In a study, a 5kW independent distributed photovoltaic power generation system was simulated and analyzed using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique of a fuzzy controller, and the performance of the fuzzy MPPT technique was evaluated under different operating conditions. The results indicate that fuzzy MPPT provides better results.
三、不同气候条件下的光伏�？樾阅�
3、 Performance of photovoltaic modules under different climatic conditions
环境适应性：光伏�？榈姆⒌缧阅茉诓煌蛱跫碌幕肪呈视π愿鞑幌嗤�。通过对不同厂家的晶体硅�？榻� IEC 61853 系列标准的 “光伏�？樾阅懿馐院湍芰科兰丁� 测试，并结合 6 个标准气候区数据集进行�？槟苄Ｄ饧扑悖芯糠⑾钟牍夥？榈谋瓿乒β氏啾龋苄е悼梢愿玫胤从衬？樵诓煌蛱跫碌幕肪呈视π�。
Environmental adaptability: The power generation performance of photovoltaic modules varies in environmental adaptability under different climatic conditions. By conducting IEC 61853 series standard "photovoltaic module performance testing and energy rating" tests on crystalline silicon modules from different manufacturers, and combining six standard climate zone datasets for module energy efficiency simulation calculations, the study found that compared with the nominal power of photovoltaic modules, energy efficiency values can better reflect the environmental adaptability of modules under different climate conditions.
影响能效值的因素：入射角度响应、工作温度系数、光谱响应和功率矩阵等因素会影响光伏�？榈哪苄е�。其中，入射角度响应参数的变化对光伏�？槟苄е档挠跋熳畲�。
The factors that affect energy efficiency include incident angle response, operating temperature coefficient, spectral response, and power matrix, which can affect the energy efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Among them, the variation of the incident angle response parameter has the greatest impact on the energy efficiency value of the photovoltaic module.
四、不同气候条件下的分布式光伏发电系统设计考虑
4、 Design considerations for distributed photovoltaic power generation systems under different climatic conditions
广域分布式光伏发电监测与出力估计：为准确评估光伏出力对电力系统的运行影响，掌握分布式发电的实时数据，需要开展广域分布式光伏发电监测与出力估计研究。例如，提出光伏全局出力估计的分布式光伏国 - 省 - 地一体化信息建模方法，实现广域分布式光伏发电的有线与无线全景监测；开展不同场景下分布式光伏出力特性研究，对分布式光伏进行聚合分析，并提出全局出力估计方法。
Wide area distributed photovoltaic power generation monitoring and output estimation: In order to accurately evaluate the impact of photovoltaic output on the operation of the power system and grasp real-time data of distributed power generation, it is necessary to carry out research on wide area distributed photovoltaic power generation monitoring and output estimation. For example, proposing a distributed photovoltaic integrated information modeling method for global output estimation of photovoltaics, achieving wired and wireless panoramic monitoring of wide area distributed photovoltaic power generation; Conduct research on the output characteristics of distributed photovoltaics in different scenarios, aggregate and analyze distributed photovoltaics, and propose a global output estimation method.
光伏分群方法：对于大规模分布式光伏用户出力预测，可以采用光伏分群方法。首先将气象对光伏出力的影响分为大气候和小气候两类，通过光伏日出力平均值划分历史数据时段为四类天气类型样本群，再进行空间相关的聚类分析得到用户光伏区域划分，综合考虑不合群的光伏用户点数量和子区域气象一致性来决定最优地域分块方案。
Photovoltaic clustering method: For large-scale distributed photovoltaic user output prediction, photovoltaic clustering method can be used. Firstly, the impact of weather on photovoltaic output is divided into two categories: macro climate and micro climate. The historical data period is divided into four weather type sample groups based on the average daily photovoltaic output. Then, spatial correlation clustering analysis is performed to obtain the division of user photovoltaic areas. The optimal regional partitioning scheme is determined by considering the number of non clustered photovoltaic user points and the consistency of sub regional weather.
贫困地区分布式光伏电站设计：在贫困地区，为充分利用空置屋顶及土地资源优势，发展光伏发电产业，可以根据当地太阳能资源和气候条件等情况，选取合适的光伏电池组件和逆变器型号，通过软件模拟仿真计算得出光伏阵列最佳安装倾角，确定布置间距，并对发电量和环境效益进行评估
Design of distributed photovoltaic power stations in poverty-stricken areas: In order to fully utilize the advantages of vacant roofs and land resources and develop the photovoltaic power generation industry in poverty-stricken areas, suitable photovoltaic cell modules and inverter models can be selected based on local solar energy resources and climate conditions. The optimal installation angle of the photovoltaic array can be calculated through software simulation, the layout spacing can be determined, and the power generation and environmental benefits can be evaluated
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