分布式光伏发电是什么，有什么优势呢？
分布式光伏发电是一种将太阳能光伏发电系统分散安装在用户附近（如屋顶、厂房、空地等），就近发电、就近利用的清洁能源模式。它与传统集中式大型光伏电站不同，具有规模灵活、就地消纳的特点，经济性突出，环保效益显著，电网协同性好。因此，分布式光伏作为清洁能源的重要组成部分，被写入《“十四五”可再生能源发展规划》。
Distributed photovoltaic power generation is a clean energy model that disperses solar photovoltaic power generation systems near users (such as roofs, factories, open spaces, etc.), generates electricity nearby, and utilizes it nearby. It is different from traditional centralized large-scale photovoltaic power plants in that it has the characteristics of flexible scale, on-site consumption, outstanding economy, significant environmental benefits, and good grid synergy. Therefore, distributed photovoltaics, as an important component of clean energy, have been included in the "14th Five Year Plan" for the development of renewable energy.
近些年，国家能源局提出“千家万户沐光行动”，推动分布式光伏与建筑、交通、农业等多场景融合。一是整县推进试点：2021年启动676个整县（市、区）屋顶分布式光伏开发试点，覆盖工商业、公共建筑、农村屋顶等。二是补贴与电价支持：地方层面提供度电补贴（如浙江、广东），全国实行“自发自用、余电上网”电价政策。三是绿色金融配套：央行推出碳减排支持工具，鼓励银行对分布式光伏项目提供低息贷款。
In recent years, the National Energy Administration has proposed the "Thousand Household Sunshine Action" to promote the integration of distributed photovoltaics with multiple scenarios such as construction, transportation, and agriculture. One is to promote pilot projects throughout the county: 676 county (city, district) rooftop distributed photovoltaic development pilot projects will be launched in 2021, covering industrial and commercial areas, public buildings, rural rooftops, etc. The second is subsidies and electricity price support: local governments provide electricity subsidies (such as Zhejiang and Guangdong), and the country implements a "self use, surplus electricity grid connection" electricity price policy. The third is green finance support: the central bank has launched carbon reduction support tools to encourage banks to provide low interest loans for distributed photovoltaic projects.
光伏发电的设备分布式地布置在城市、乡村和工业园区等各个用电需求场所附近，通过与配电网连接产生电力，满足当地用电需求。这种发电方式与传统的中央化发电方式不同，在中央化发电方式中，发电厂通常建设在偏远地区，通过输电线路将电力输送到城市或电力消费重点区域，不仅输电损耗大，还可能存在输电过程中产生的电力质量问题。
Photovoltaic power generation equipment is distributed near various electricity demand places such as cities, rural areas, and industrial parks, and generates electricity by connecting with the distribution network to meet local electricity demand. This power generation method is different from the traditional centralized power generation method. In the centralized power generation method, power plants are usually built in remote areas and transmit electricity to cities or key areas of electricity consumption through transmission lines. Not only is the transmission loss large, but there may also be power quality problems generated during the transmission process.
分布式光伏发电技术包括光伏组件、电池、逆变器等多个组成部分。通过光伏组件将太阳能转换成直流电能，再通过逆变器将直流电能转换成交流电能，供给当地用电需求。分布式光伏发电具有灵活性强、交互性好、环保经济等优点，能为当地提供清洁能源、减少环境污染更实用。
Distributed photovoltaic power generation technology includes multiple components such as photovoltaic modules, batteries, inverters, etc. By using photovoltaic modules to convert solar energy into direct current energy, and then using inverters to convert direct current energy into alternating current energy, local electricity demand can be met. Distributed photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of strong flexibility, good interactivity, environmental protection and economy, which can provide clean energy and reduce environmental pollution for the local area more practically.
分布式光伏发电的五大特点是什么？
What are the five characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power generation?
1、分布式光伏发电可实现就近供电，不必长距离输送，避免了长距离输电线路的损失。
1. Distributed photovoltaic power generation can achieve nearby power supply without the need for long-distance transmission, avoiding losses on long-distance transmission lines.
2、太阳能不用燃料，运行成本很低。
2. Solar energy does not require fuel and has low operating costs.
3、太阳能发电没有运动部件，不易用损坏，维护简单，特别适合于无人值守情况下使用。
3. Solar power generation has no moving parts, is not easy to use or damage, is easy to maintain, and is particularly suitable for use in unmanned situations.
4、太阳能发电不会产生任何废弃物，没有污染、噪声等公害，对环境无不良影响，是理想的清洁能源。
4. Solar power generation does not generate any waste, has no pollution, noise or other public hazards, and has no adverse impact on the environment. It is an ideal clean energy source.
5、太阳能发电系统建设周期短，方便灵活，而且可以根据负荷的增减，任意添加或减少太阳能方阵容量，避免浪费。这些优点使得分布式光伏发电不存在较高的操作难度和危险性，安全性得到了保障，为广泛推广提供了现实的可行性。
5. The construction period of solar power generation system is short, convenient and flexible, and it can add or reduce the capacity of solar arrays according to the increase or decrease of load, avoiding waste. These advantages make distributed photovoltaic power generation less difficult and dangerous to operate, ensuring safety and providing practical feasibility for widespread promotion.
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